Dreaming of a booming lemonade stand? Discover five proven strategies to significantly boost your profits this summer, transforming your simple stand into a financial success. Ready to learn how to turn those lemons into a substantial income stream? Explore these essential tips and unlock your business's full potential at financialmodel.net.
Increasing Profit Strategies
To effectively increase profit at a lemonade stand, a multi-faceted approach focusing on customer value and operational efficiency is paramount. By implementing strategic upselling, fostering customer loyalty, and leveraging sales data, businesses can significantly enhance their revenue streams and long-term viability.
| Strategy | Impact |
| Upselling and Larger Sizes | Increase average transaction value by 20-30% |
| Loyalty Programs | Increase repeat customer sales by 60-70% |
| Sales Data Analysis | Reduce labor costs by 5-10% and minimize waste |
| Diversifying Offerings | Boost average order value by 25-50% |
| Exceptional Customer Service | Increase customer loyalty by 30-40% |
What Is The Profit Potential Of Lemonade Stand?
The profit potential for a lemonade stand, like our 'Zesty Sips' concept, can be quite varied. It ranges from modest daily earnings to substantial seasonal income. This variation hinges on factors such as the scale of operation, the chosen location, and the specific strategies employed. A well-managed stand can achieve impressive profit margins, often falling between 70% and 90% on individual sales.
Consider a straightforward scenario: selling 100 cups of lemonade at $2 each. This could generate a daily revenue of $200. With ingredient costs, including lemons, sugar, water, and cups, averaging around $0.20 per cup, the total cost of goods sold (COGS) would be approximately $20. This leaves a gross profit of $180, representing a healthy 90% profit margin. This aligns with insights into the cost of opening and running a lemonade stand, as discussed in resources like financialmodel.net's article.
For lemonade stands situated in high-traffic areas or participating in large events, the earning potential can skyrocket. Daily revenues can easily reach hundreds, or even over a thousand dollars. For example, some stands at major festivals have reported daily revenues exceeding $1,000. After accounting for event fees and potentially increased labor costs, net profits in these cases can range from $500 to $700 for a single day. This highlights how location and event participation can significantly boost lemonade stand revenue.
Expanding beyond a simple roadside setup can substantially increase profitability. Businesses that offer catering or mobile services, similar to how 'Zesty Sips' could evolve, report much higher annual revenues. For instance, food trucks specializing in beverages like lemonade have been known to generate annual revenues from $50,000 to over $100,000. This demonstrates a clear path for lemonade stand business growth and maximizing lemonade stand earnings.
Factors Influencing Lemonade Stand Profitability
- Location: High-foot-traffic areas or popular events lead to higher sales volume.
- Pricing Strategy: Effective lemonade stand pricing can significantly impact profit margins.
- Cost Reduction: Lowering ingredient costs through smart sourcing can boost profit. For example, buying lemons in bulk can reduce the cost per cup.
- Sales Volume: The number of cups sold directly correlates with revenue.
- Product Diversification: Offering additional items like cookies or flavored lemonades can increase average transaction value.
- Marketing Efforts: Effective lemonade stand marketing attracts more customers.
To maximize lemonade stand earnings, focusing on cost reduction is crucial. Analyzing costs to maximize lemonade stand profit involves scrutinizing every expense, from ingredients to disposable cups. For instance, a commitment to finding the best ingredients for a cost-effective lemonade stand means balancing quality with price. This approach is vital for improving profitability of a small lemonade stand and ensuring healthy profit margins.
How Can I Maximize My Lemonade Stand's Earnings?
To maximize your lemonade stand's earnings, a strategic approach focusing on pricing, cost control, and effective marketing is essential. By implementing smart tactics, you can significantly boost profitability for your 'Zesty Sips' business.
Strategic Pricing for Higher Revenue
Implementing dynamic pricing can significantly increase your average transaction value. For instance, offering a small cup at $2 and a larger size at $3.50 can boost average sales by 20-30%. Bundling lemonade with snacks, such as offering a combo deal, can further enhance revenue, with such promotions typically increasing overall sales by an average of 15%. This tiered pricing encourages customers to spend more per visit.
Reducing Costs for Increased Profitability
Lowering your operating expenses is crucial for maximizing profit. Purchasing ingredients in bulk can substantially decrease your per-unit costs, often by 10-25%. For example, buying 50 lbs of lemons might cost approximately $0.80/lb, whereas smaller quantities could cost upwards of $1.20/lb. Analyzing and optimizing your ingredient sourcing is a key step in improving your lemonade stand's bottom line.
Effective Marketing to Attract More Customers
Utilizing clear and attractive signage is fundamental for drawing attention. Engaging social media posts and implementing a customer loyalty program can also drive repeat business. Stands that employ vibrant visual displays and promote locally through social media channels have reported a 30-50% increase in daily customer traffic compared to those that do not. Consistent and appealing marketing is vital for lemonade stand growth.
Key Strategies to Boost Lemonade Stand Profitability
- Dynamic Pricing: Offer different sizes (e.g., small at $2, large at $3.50) to increase average transaction value by 20-30%.
- Product Bundling: Combine lemonade with snacks for combo deals, which can boost sales by an average of 15%.
- Bulk Ingredient Purchasing: Reduce per-unit costs by 10-25% by buying ingredients like lemons in larger quantities.
- Visible Signage: Use clear, eye-catching signs to attract passing customers.
- Social Media Promotion: Leverage local social media to increase customer traffic by 30-50%.
- Loyalty Programs: Encourage repeat business with simple reward systems.
What Are The Best Strategies To Increase Lemonade Stand Profit?
Maximizing lemonade stand profit hinges on smart product choices, strategic placement, and efficient operations. By focusing on these core areas, businesses like 'Zesty Sips' can significantly boost their earnings and achieve sustainable growth.
Diversify Your Lemonade Offerings
Offering a variety of lemonade flavors can be a powerful strategy to increase average sales. Customers are often willing to pay more for specialty options. For instance, introducing flavors like strawberry or mint can potentially increase average sales by 25-40%. This approach caters to a wider customer base and encourages impulse purchases, driving up overall revenue.
Choose High-Traffic Locations
The location of your lemonade stand is critical for maximizing lemonade stand earnings. Setting up in a busy area, such as a local park, a bustling farmer's market, or a community event, can dramatically increase foot traffic. Compared to a quiet residential street, these locations can see foot traffic increase by 500% or more, directly leading to higher sales volume and better lemonade stand profit strategies.
Analyze and Reduce Your Costs
Thorough cost analysis is essential for maximizing lemonade stand profit. Tracking expenses like ingredients (lemons, sugar, water), cups, ice, and potential permit fees helps identify areas for savings. For example, exploring different suppliers for cups could lead to a 15-20% reduction in cup costs, directly improving your profit margin. Understanding your cost structure is a key part of reducing expenses for a profitable lemonade stand.
Key Strategies for Boosting Lemonade Stand Profitability
- Product Diversification: Offer multiple lemonade flavors to increase average transaction value. Studies suggest this can boost sales by up to 40%.
- Strategic Location: Position your stand in high-traffic areas like parks or markets to maximize customer reach. Visibility can increase sales by over 500%.
- Cost Management: Diligently track all expenses and seek cost-saving opportunities, such as negotiating better prices for supplies, which can cut costs by 15-20%.
- Effective Pricing: Implement pricing strategies that reflect the quality and uniqueness of your product, ensuring healthy profit margins.
- Marketing and Promotion: Utilize local marketing techniques, like social media or flyers, to attract more customers and increase lemonade stand revenue.
Implement Smart Pricing Strategies
Effective pricing strategies for lemonade stands are vital for boosting profitability. While competitive pricing is important, don't shy away from pricing your premium or specialty lemonades slightly higher. A well-calculated price point ensures that each sale contributes significantly to your overall profit. For a detailed understanding of setting up a profitable lemonade stand, resources like financialmodeling.net's guide on lemonade stand costs can provide valuable insights.
Creative Marketing and Upselling
To maximize lemonade stand earnings, consider creative marketing and upselling techniques. Using social media to promote your 'Zesty Sips' can attract a wider audience. Offering complementary items, like cookies or fruit slices, can also increase the average sale per customer. Upselling strategies for lemonade stand customers can turn a simple drink purchase into a more substantial transaction, contributing to overall business growth.
What Is A Good Pricing Strategy For A Lemonade Stand?
A solid pricing strategy for a lemonade stand is about finding that sweet spot between what customers feel is a fair price for a refreshing drink and what you need to charge to make a profit. For the 'Zesty Sips' business, this means looking at costs, desired profit, and what similar businesses charge. It’s not just about picking a number; it's about understanding value.
For a standard 12-16 oz cup of lemonade, a common price point in many US markets falls between $2.00 and $3.50. This range typically allows for healthy profit margins while remaining an accessible treat for most customers. For instance, if your cost per cup is $0.50, selling at $2.50 yields a 75% gross profit margin ($2.00 profit on $2.50 sale).
To further maximize lemonade stand earnings, consider implementing tiered pricing based on size. Offering small, medium, and large options at, say, $2, $3, and $4 respectively, can encourage customers to choose larger sizes. Industry data indicates that customers often opt for the larger size when presented with these choices, potentially increasing the average transaction value by 15-20% as they perceive better value in the bigger cup.
Another approach, especially for community events or charity drives, is a 'suggested donation' model. While fixed pricing offers revenue predictability, a compelling cause or a particularly attractive setup like 'Zesty Sips' might encourage customers to contribute more than a fixed price. Some businesses have seen average revenue per cup rise to $3-$5 through this method, though it introduces less certainty in overall income.
Lemonade Stand Pricing Models
- Fixed Pricing: Simple and predictable. Example: $2.50 for a 16 oz cup.
- Tiered Pricing: Offers choices and encourages upsizing. Example: Small ($2), Medium ($3), Large ($4).
- Value-Based Pricing: Prices based on perceived customer value, potentially higher for unique flavors or premium ingredients.
- Suggested Donation: Flexible, can yield higher amounts for good causes but is less predictable. Example: Suggested donation of $3-$5.
When setting prices for 'Zesty Sips', it’s crucial to analyze your costs. This includes ingredients like lemons (which can cost $0.20 - $0.40 per lemon), sugar, water, cups, ice, and any marketing materials. Understanding these expenses is key to calculating profit margins and ensuring your pricing strategy supports sustainable business growth.
How Can I Reduce The Costs Of Running A Lemonade Stand?
Reducing expenses is a key strategy to maximize lemonade stand profit. For 'Zesty Sips', this means being smart about where supplies are sourced and how ingredients are used. Minimizing waste and managing operational overhead are crucial for boosting profitability.
One effective way to cut costs is through bulk purchasing. Buying lemons, sugar, and cups from wholesale suppliers instead of retail outlets can lead to significant savings. For instance, purchasing a 25lb bag of sugar is typically 30% cheaper per pound compared to buying smaller 4lb bags. This smart sourcing can reduce ingredient costs by 20-40%, directly impacting your profit margin.
Optimizing recipes and minimizing waste also play a vital role. By using ingredients efficiently and preventing spills or spoilage, you can cut down on raw material costs. This can potentially save 5-10% on ingredients. Proper storage, such as keeping lemons and prepared syrup in cool, dark places, extends their shelf life, further reducing waste and cost.
Cost Reduction Strategies for Lemonade Stands
- Bulk Purchasing: Source ingredients and supplies like lemons, sugar, and cups from wholesale distributors to achieve savings of 20-40% compared to retail prices.
- Waste Minimization: Implement efficient recipe preparation and proper storage techniques to reduce spoilage and spillage, potentially saving 5-10% on raw materials.
- Reuse and DIY: Opt for reusable pitchers, serving utensils, and signage. Creating homemade decorations instead of buying them can lower initial setup and ongoing operational costs significantly, saving hundreds of dollars over a season.
Lowering initial setup costs is also essential for a profitable lemonade stand. Reusing items like pitchers, serving utensils, and signage can drastically reduce upfront investment. Furthermore, opting for homemade decorations instead of purchased ones can lead to substantial savings, potentially saving hundreds of dollars over the course of a business season. These measures contribute to improving the profitability of a small lemonade stand.
What Marketing Ideas Work Best For Lemonade Stands?
Effective marketing for your 'Zesty Sips' lemonade stand is all about drawing people in and making them want to try your refreshing drinks. The core idea is to boost visibility, make your stand look appealing, and get the local community involved. These strategies are key to maximizing lemonade stand earnings and improving overall profitability.
Creating a stand that pops is crucial for attracting customers. Think vibrant colors, clear, easy-to-read signage, and maybe even a fun theme that matches your 'Zesty Sips' brand. Research suggests that a visually appealing setup can increase walk-up traffic by an impressive 20-50%. Don't forget a large, clear price board; this helps customers make quick decisions and can significantly boost lemonade stand sales.
Leveraging social media is a powerful way to promote your lemonade stand, especially within your local area. Posting high-quality photos of your lemonade, announcing new or special flavors, and sharing your location updates can create significant buzz. This digital outreach can reach hundreds of potential customers and lead to an increase in daily sales, often by 10-20%. It's a cost-effective method for lemonade stand business growth.
Key Marketing Tactics for Lemonade Stand Success
- Visual Appeal: Design a bright, eye-catching stand. A well-decorated stand can attract 20-50% more customers. Ensure pricing is clearly displayed.
- Social Media Promotion: Use platforms like Instagram or Facebook to share photos and location updates. This can boost sales by 10-20%.
- Sampling: Offer small samples of your lemonade. This can improve sales conversion rates by 15-25% and encourage repeat business.
- Community Engagement: Partner with local events or businesses. Offer a small discount to neighbors or participate in community fairs to maximize lemonade stand revenue.
- Loyalty Programs: Implement a simple punch card system. For example, after purchasing 5 cups, the 6th is free, encouraging customer retention for lemonade stand growth.
Offering a small sample of your lemonade is a fantastic way to convert hesitant passersby into paying customers. This direct taste experience can boost sales conversion rates by 15-25%. Furthermore, a friendly demeanor and genuine engagement with every customer can significantly encourage repeat business and foster positive word-of-mouth referrals, a vital component for long-term lemonade stand profit strategies.
What Permits Do I Need To Run A Profitable Lemonade Stand?
Operating a lemonade stand like 'Zesty Sips,' especially if you aim for sustained business growth or plan to sell at public events, often requires specific permits. These requirements can vary dramatically based on your location, from state and county to the specific city you're in. While many states have exemptions, often called 'Lemonade Laws,' for children running occasional stands, a more established business model typically falls under different regulations. Understanding these rules is crucial for maximizing lemonade stand earnings and avoiding potential fines, which can range from $100 to $1,000 for non-compliance.
For a venture like Zesty Sips, which focuses on expertly crafted beverages, securing the right permits ensures a smooth operation. If you plan to sell in public spaces or participate in organized events, you'll likely need a temporary food service permit or a general business license. These permits are designed to ensure public safety and standard operating procedures. For instance, many cities require a business license that might cost anywhere from $25 to $200 for a temporary vendor, depending on the duration and location. This is a key step in boosting lemonade stand profitability by operating legally and professionally.
Permit Variations and Health Regulations
- State and Local Differences: Permit needs for a lemonade stand are not uniform across the USA. Some areas have strict rules, while others are more lenient for small-scale operations.
- 'Lemonade Laws': Many states exempt children's occasional lemonade stands from permits. However, for businesses like Zesty Sips, these exemptions usually don't apply if the operation is more continuous or commercial.
- Health Department Requirements: Regulations often cover food handling, water sources, and sanitation, especially for mobile units or stands operating for extended periods. Adhering to these can prevent fines and ensure customer trust.
- Location Impact: Operating on private property with permission generally involves fewer regulations than selling in public parks or on sidewalks. Public spaces often require additional city or park permits.
When considering how to increase profit at a lemonade stand, legal compliance is a foundational strategy. For example, if Zesty Sips plans to operate in a busy downtown area or at a local festival, a temporary food permit is often mandatory. These permits ensure that your setup meets health standards, such as proper handwashing facilities and safe ingredient storage. Failing to obtain these can lead to significant penalties, impacting your ability to maximize lemonade stand earnings. Proper planning, including researching local ordinances, is essential for a successful lemonade stand business.
The cost and type of permit depend heavily on the scale and location of your lemonade stand. For a business aiming for consistent sales and growth, like Zesty Sips, treating it as a legitimate small business from the start is wise. This often means obtaining a business license and any necessary health permits. For instance, a business license might cost around $50-$150 annually, while a temporary food permit for an event could be between $25-$100. These costs are investments in operating legally and building customer confidence, which are vital for improving profitability of a small lemonade stand. For more insights into the initial costs, one might refer to resources detailing the expenses of starting a similar venture, such as those found at financialmodel.net.
How To Increase Profit At A Lemonade Stand?
To boost your Lemonade Stand profit, focus on giving customers more value and making your operations smoother. This means looking at how you sell and how you run things day-to-day.
Upsell for Higher Earnings
A great way to increase profit at your 'Zesty Sips' stand is through upselling. Offer customers a 'combo deal' that includes a cookie or a bag of chips along with their lemonade for an additional $1-$2. This strategy can effectively increase the average transaction value by 20-30%. Another simple yet effective upsell is suggesting a larger size of lemonade. This directly increases revenue per customer.
Implement a Loyalty Program
Encourage repeat business with a loyalty program. For example, a 'buy 5, get 1 free' offer incentivizes customers to return. In a consistent, high-traffic location, repeat customers can contribute significantly to your overall sales, potentially accounting for 60-70% of your income. This builds a stable customer base and boosts long-term profitability for your lemonade stand business.
Analyze Sales Data for Efficiency
Understanding your sales patterns is crucial for maximizing profitability. By analyzing sales data, you can identify peak hours and the most popular lemonade flavors. This insight allows for better inventory management, ensuring you have enough ingredients without excess waste. Properly adjusting staffing levels or ingredient preparation based on demand can lead to cost reductions, potentially lowering labor costs by 5-10% and minimizing spoilage.
Key Strategies to Boost Lemonade Stand Profitability
- Upselling: Offer combo deals or larger sizes to increase average transaction value.
- Loyalty Programs: Encourage repeat business with 'buy X, get 1 free' offers.
- Data Analysis: Use sales data to optimize inventory, staffing, and flavor offerings.
Best Ways To Make More Money With A Lemonade Stand?
To maximize earnings for your 'Zesty Sips' lemonade stand, focus on strategic placement and offering more than just lemonade. This approach directly addresses how to increase profit at a lemonade stand.
Securing a prime spot at high-traffic events is crucial for boosting lemonade stand profitability. Consider local fairs, community festivals, or sports tournaments. For instance, a single day at a well-attended festival can generate revenue comparable to an entire week of regular street sales, potentially bringing in $500 to $1,500 in a single event.
Diversifying Product Offerings
- Adding complementary items like iced tea or infused waters can attract a wider customer base.
- Simple baked goods, such as cookies or brownies, can increase the average order value by an estimated 25% to 50%.
- Offering a variety of flavors, like strawberry or raspberry lemonade, can also entice customers and encourage additional purchases.
Implementing seasonal adjustments is a key strategy for a successful and profitable lemonade stand business. When summer heat fades, consider offering warm beverages. For example, switching to warm apple cider or introducing specialty holiday flavors during fall and winter can extend your selling season and maintain consistent revenue streams beyond the peak summer months.
Strategies For A Successful Lemonade Stand Business?
To maximize earnings at a lemonade stand, focus on building a memorable brand, actively engaging with your local community, and consistently refining your offerings. These pillars are crucial for lemonade stand business growth and increasing lemonade stand revenue.
Developing a strong brand identity for 'Zesty Sips' is key. This involves creating a distinctive logo and a cheerful, eye-catching stand design. A memorable brand helps customers recognize your business, leading to increased customer recall. Studies suggest that a strong brand can boost brand recall by 10-15% and encourage repeat visits, significantly improving lemonade stand profit strategies.
Community engagement plays a vital role in boosting lemonade stand profitability. Partnering with local organizations or participating in charity events builds goodwill and attracts a wider customer base. For example, hosting a 'charity day' where a portion of sales benefits a local cause can lead to a sales increase of 30-50% on that specific day, demonstrating effective lemonade stand marketing.
Key Strategies for Boosting Lemonade Stand Profitability
- Develop a Unique Brand: Create a memorable logo and stand design for 'Zesty Sips' to enhance customer recognition and encourage repeat business.
- Engage with the Community: Participate in local events or host charity days to build goodwill and attract more customers, potentially increasing daily sales by 30-50%.
- Gather Customer Feedback: Actively seek customer input to identify opportunities for improvement.
- Experiment with Offerings: Introduce new flavors or run special promotions to keep the business fresh and appealing. A high customer satisfaction rating, such as achieving a 5-star rating on local review platforms, can increase new customer acquisition by 10-15%.
Continuous improvement is essential for long-term success. By gathering customer feedback, you can identify what's working and what isn't, allowing you to refine your products and promotions. Experimenting with new lemonade flavors or offering limited-time specials can keep customers interested and encourage them to return, directly contributing to increasing lemonade stand revenue.
Tips For Maximizing Lemonade Stand Income?
To maximize your Lemonade Stand earnings, focus on three core areas: smart pricing, efficient cost management, and creating a memorable customer experience. These elements work together to boost your profitability.
Calculating Profit Margins for a Lemonade Stand Business
Understanding your profit margins is crucial for sustained profitability. For instance, if a cup of lemonade costs $0.30 to produce and sells for $3.00, your gross profit margin is 90%. Regularly reviewing these margins across all your offerings ensures you're making the most money possible on each sale.
Finding the Best Ingredients for a Cost-Effective Lemonade Stand
Balancing ingredient quality with price is key. Sourcing lemons directly from local farms, when feasible, or opting for bulk purchases can lead to cost reductions. For example, these methods might lower your per-unit ingredient costs by 10-20% without compromising the delicious taste that customers expect from Zesty Sips.
Effective strategies to increase lemonade stand profit include:
- Optimizing your pricing to reflect value and market demand.
- Reducing operational costs through smart sourcing and waste reduction.
- Enhancing the customer experience to encourage repeat business and positive word-of-mouth.
Creative Ideas to Boost Lemonade Stand Sales
- Upselling: Offer add-ons like fresh mint or fruit slices for an extra charge. This is a simple way to increase the average transaction value.
- Bundling: Pair lemonade with a small, complementary snack like cookies or fruit cups. This can encourage customers to purchase more than they initially intended.
- Loyalty Programs: Implement a simple punch card system. After a certain number of purchases, customers receive a free cup, fostering customer retention and repeat visits.
Offering Exceptional Customer Service
Providing outstanding customer service is a powerful driver for lemonade stand business growth. A friendly smile, quick service, and a clean, inviting presentation can significantly encourage repeat business. Studies indicate that a positive customer experience can boost customer loyalty by 30-40%, turning first-time buyers into regular patrons.
Improving Profitability Of A Small Lemonade Stand?
Boosting the earnings of a lemonade stand like 'Zesty Sips' is all about smart strategies in sales, marketing, and smart operations. It's not just about pouring lemonade; it's about building a mini-business that runs efficiently and attracts customers.
Creative Sales Tactics to Boost Lemonade Stand Earnings
To maximize lemonade stand earnings, think beyond just selling cups of lemonade. Creative additions can significantly increase sales volume. For instance, implementing a 'spin the wheel for a discount' game can add an element of fun and encourage purchases. Studies suggest such interactive promotions can boost sales by 15-25%. Another idea is a 'secret menu' item, offering a special flavor or mix that customers can only discover through word-of-mouth or a discreet sign, creating exclusivity and driving demand.
Training Young Entrepreneurs for Stand Success
For businesses involving younger team members, like many lemonade stands, effective training is key to improving profitability. Focusing on fundamental sales techniques, such as friendly customer interaction and clear communication, can make a difference. Teaching them how to handle money accurately and efficiently is also crucial. When clear roles and responsibilities are established, efficiency can increase by as much as 20%, ensuring smoother operations and better customer service.
Expanding Your Lemonade Stand Business
To scale a lemonade stand into a more significant venture, consider expansion opportunities. Offering catering services for small local events, like birthday parties or community gatherings, can open up new revenue streams. Setting up your stand at multiple high-traffic locations on different days can also significantly boost overall revenue. These strategic moves can potentially increase monthly earnings by hundreds or even thousands of dollars, turning a simple stand into a growing business.
Key Strategies for Lemonade Stand Profitability
- Implement Interactive Promotions: Engage customers with games like 'spin the wheel for discounts' to increase sales volume by an estimated 15-25%.
- Introduce a 'Secret Menu': Create buzz and demand with exclusive, limited-time offerings.
- Focus on Customer Service Training: Equip staff with basic sales techniques and excellent customer interaction skills to enhance the overall customer experience.
- Assign Clear Roles: Improve operational efficiency by 20% through defined responsibilities for team members.
- Explore Event Catering: Expand revenue by offering your lemonade for small local events and parties.
- Multi-Location Strategy: Increase reach and sales by setting up your stand at various busy locations.